Tobi Waves

by Jorand Hubbard and Kevin van Vechten (from Apple)

All OpenDarwin sources are on-line and Google indexed.

One of the most prominent component is (webkit.opendarwin.org ...) the rendering component used in Safari.

If you want to put other OSS software onto your mac go to (darwinports.opendarwin.org ...) which is similar to freebsd ports. Use this to build software from source. If you want to get pre-built packages have a look at (fink.sourceforge.net ...)

OS X ships with many different version of gcc ... use gcc_select to switch the default compiler.

When building Darwin Kernel components, note that while Tiger ships with gcc-4.0 the kernel and its tools are compiled with gcc-3.3. Kernel compilation is governed by a number of environment variables which you have to set explicitly prior to compilation. There are also a number of missing header files.

To resolve all the potential problems you might run into when building Darwin components you may want to use the DarwinBuild Environment from (opendarwin.org ...)

With the darwinbuild command you can easily download and rebuild individual components of the OSX System.

If you are into hacking, OSX you will find all the normal communications from apple rather fluffy. This has mainly todo with the standard audience for this kind of material. Make sure you subscribe to the mailinglists for opendarwin, since all the important and knowledgeable tech people (from apple) are there too and you should be able to get answers at a high technical level. Also if you find a problem, make sure you do file a bug with apples bugreporting system. These bugreports go directly to the responsible technical people within apple.

The main problem with security scanners is that they produce a lot of false positives. If you work with a closed source tool there is no way for you to figure out where the false positives come from. With OSS tools these issues can be resolved easily.

Penetration Methodology

a) Discovery stage with whois, traceroute, google

b) Scanning to figure out which boxes exist

c) Service enumeration (service identification and banner grabbing) do not get confused by services running on the wrong port

d) Exploit known vulnerabilities if you can identify versions of services.

e) Install rootkits and log cleaning tools

Obviously only steps a) to c) are executed by security testing companies.

Google as Security tool

Google does not discriminate private information. Often you can find xsl and doc files in google which had not been put there intentionally.

Another great resource are Webserver directories without index files.

Error messages also get indexed by google. Especially php apps are very helpful in this respect, revealing lots of internal information like path and file names.

Webcams use standard file names, so if you search for these strings you can easily find lots of them.

If you find htpasswd files via google you can pull them, crack the passwords using john and then try password user name combinations on yahoo, google, hotmail. Since users often reuse user names and passwords, these things have a high probability of being successful.

The biggest advantage of google though, is that doing google queries is anonymous and will not be detected by the target.

For greater efficiency one could write a script that uses google webservice apis for automatically doing interesting queries in connection with a certain target.

Nessus

The coolest thing about nessus is that it is very easily extensible. It comes with its own optimized scripting language NASL. The advantage to writing NASL scripts as opposed to writing them in a random scripting language is that NASL scripts plug right into the comprehensive Nessus user interface.

SQL Injections for Web applications

Many web application have only rudimentary input validation.

$sql = " select * from users where user'$a' and password  '$b' "

how about trying to login with

' or true

This would end up as

select * from users where user'ddd' and password '' or true;

The possibilities are limitless. By adding a '; you could even start a completely new command.

Absinthe from (0x90.org ...) is a tool that tries to automate these attacks.

Tools

Metasploit is a point click root tool (metasploit.com ...)

Wikto is an automated google enabled website vulnerability scanner (www.sensepost.com ...)

Ettercap Network MITM attacks, content filtering, sniffing, etc: (ettercap.sourceforge.net < ...)

Whax is live linux distro with lots of AampP tools (iwhax.net < ...)